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Saadani National Park is a unique safari destination in Tanzania, famous for its blend of savannah wildlife and pristine Indian Ocean beaches. It’s the only East African park that borders the sea, offering a one-of-a-kind experience for wildlife lovers and beach enthusiasts alike. How to Reach Saadani National Park By Road From Dar es Salaam Via Bagamoyo: ~131 km (2–3 hours) through Gama Entrance Gate. Via Chalinze and Miono: ~225 km (4–5 hours) to Mvave Entrance Gate. Via Mandela Junction: ~271 km, then 61 km on rough road to Mvave Gate. From Tanga By Road: ~146 km (3–4 hours) via Pangani and Mkwaja to Madete Entrance Gate. By Boat: approximately 40 km across the sea. From Arusha About 560 km via Moshi, Segera, and Pangani, or through Moshi, Segera, Kwamsisi, and Mandela to Madete Gate. By Air Charter flights are available to Saadani Airstrip or Mkwaja Airstrip from major cities including Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Arusha, and Tanga. By Boat Boat services operate from Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Bagamoyo, Pangani, and Tanga to the park, offering a scenic arrival option. Public Transportation Minibus (Dala Dala) services run between Dar es Salaam and Bagamoyo. From Bagamoyo, arrange for local transport, such as taxis or boda bodas, to the park entrance. Best Time to Visit Saadani National Park Dry Season (June to October) Optimal for wildlife spotting, game drives, and walking safaris. Animals gather near water sources; vegetation is sparse. Ideal for beach activities and boat safaris. Wet Season (November to March) Lush landscapes and excellent birdwatching, especially migratory birds. Fewer tourists, combined with short rains, mostly make access still possible. December to February: nesting sea turtles at Madete Beach. Wildlife Highlights of Saadani National Park Saadani’s uniqueness stems from its coastal landscape, combining savannah and marine ecosystems. Key wildlife includes: Big Game: Lions, elephants, leopards, buffalo, giraffes, zebras, hippos, crocodiles. Marine Life: Green sea turtles, dolphins, over 200 fish species, including flamingos, kingfishers, and fish eagles. Birds: Over 200 species, thriving across mangroves, wetlands, and grasslands. Main Attractions & Activities in Saadani National Park 1. Unique Bush-and-Beach Safari Experience The only East African park where wildlife roams along the ocean’s edge. Enjoy safari adventures combined with relaxing beach time on the Indian Ocean coastline. 2. Wildlife Viewing & Game Drives Explore open plains and woodland areas especially during the dry season for optimal animal sightings. 3. Wami River Boat Safaris Observe hippos, crocodiles, and diverse birdlife from a peaceful river cruise. 4. Green Turtle Nesting at Madete Beach Witness nesting and hatchlings of green sea turtles between February and March—an extraordinary wildlife spectacle. 5. Birdwatching Paradise Spot kingfishers, fish eagles, flamingos, and migratory birds across various habitats. 6. Guided Walking Safaris & Nature Trails Experience an immersive, ground-level view of the park’s ecosystems with armed guides. 7. Cultural & Historical Sites Visit Swahili settlements like Mkwaja and Saadani fishing village; explore colonial-era structures and local traditions. Activities to Enjoy in Saadani National Park Game Drives: Prime activity for wildlife sightings. Boat Safaris: Unique exploration of the Wami River. Beach Relaxation & Swimming: Quiet beaches are perfect for unwinding. Sea Turtle Watching: Nesting season at Madete Beach. Birdwatching: Diverse species across habitats. Walking Safaris: Close encounters with nature. Cultural Visits: Interact with local communities. Photography: Capture stunning landscapes, wildlife, and ocean backdrops. How to Plan Your Saadani National Park Safari Embarking on a safari to Saadani National Park is an exciting adventure, but proper planning ensures a smooth and memorable experience. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you organise your trip: 1. Determine Your Travel Dates Best Time to Visit: June to October for wildlife viewing and beach activities, or November to March for birdwatching and lush scenery. Consider the climate and your preferred activities to choose the optimal season. 2. Define Your Safari Goals and Interests Are you aiming to see the Big Five (lion, elephant, buffalo, leopard, rhinoceros)? Interested in marine activities like turtle nesting or dolphin watching? Want to combine wildlife safaris with beach relaxation? Clarify your priorities to tailor your itinerary. 3. Choose Your Accommodation Saadani offers a range of lodges, tented camps, and eco-resorts. Determine your decision based on your budget, desired comfort level, and proximity to key attractions. 4. Decide on the Safari Style Game Drives: Guided in open vehicles; ideal for day and night wildlife viewing. Walking Safaris: Ground-level exploration for a close-up experience. Boat Safaris: Scenic river trips to the Wami River for birdwatching and aquatic wildlife. 5. Book Your Transportation By Road: Arrange transfers from Dar es Salaam, Tanga, or Arusha. By Air: Charter flights to Saadani Airstrip or Mkwaja are available. Local Transport: Use taxis, boda bodas, or organised transfers once in the region. 6. Plan Your Itinerary Allocate days for game drives, boat safaris, beach relaxation, and cultural visits. Balance adventure trips with downtime to enjoy the beaches and scenic landscapes. 7. Pack Appropriately Light, breathable clothing is suitable for hot days. Safari gear: binoculars, camera, hats, sunglasses, insect repellent. Beachwear for relaxation and swimming. 8. Contact Travel Experts Consider working with experienced safari operators, such as Kanuth Adventures Safari. We can help with personalised itineraries, best travel dates, and logistics. Ready to Start Your Saadani Safari? Feel free to reach out to us at +255 754 967 544 or visit our website at www.kanuthadventures.com to begin planning your unforgettable trip.

Complete Travel Guide to Arusha National Park Arusha National Park is renowned for its diverse ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, grassy savannas, and the stunning Momela Lakes. The park is also home to Mount Meru, the second-highest mountain in Tanzania, offering breathtaking views and a diverse array of wildlife. How to get in Arusha National Park By Air From Dar es Salaam (DAR): Several airlines, including Auric Air, Coastal Aviation, and Precision Air, offer daily flights to Arusha. The flight duration is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours. From Nairobi (NBO): Flights from Nairobi to Arusha typically involve a stopover in Dar es Salaam, totalling around 3 to 5 hours of travel time. Airlines operating on this route include Kenya Airways, Coastal Aviation, and Precision Air. From Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO): Located about 50 km from Arusha, JRO is the nearest international airport to the park. Upon arrival, you can take a taxi or arrange a private transfer to reach the park, which takes approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. By road From Arusha City: Arusha National Park is about 25 km east of Arusha City, approximately a 40-minute drive. From Kilimanjaro International Airport: Approximately 35 km away, about a 40-minute drive From Dar es Salaam: The journey covers around 620 km and takes approximately 11–12 hours by bus. Buses typically depart in the morning around 6:00 AM. From Nairobi: A shuttle service operates between Nairobi and Arusha, taking about 6–6.5 hours, including border crossing formalities. Shuttles usually depart at 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM. By public Transport Dala-Dalas: Shared minibuses (known as “dala-dalas”) are available in Arusha city. They are an affordable option, but may not be directly accessible to the park entrance. They can be crowded and less comfortable for tourists.  Private Transfers: For convenience and comfort, consider arranging a private taxi or transfer service. This allows for direct access to the park and a more personalized experience. Best time to visit Arusha National Park June to October (Dry Season) Vegetation is thinner, making it easier to spot animals.Wildlife tends to gather around water sources—ideal conditions for game drives and walking safaris. November to April (Wet Season) Migratory birds from Europe and North Africa arrive. Lush greenery makes the park incredibly scenic. Great for photography and bird enthusiasts. Wildlife Highlights in Arusha National Park Arusha National Park is small compared to Tanzania’s larger reserves, but it’s incredibly biodiverse. Maasai giraffe, Blue Monkeys and Vervet Monkeys, Black-and-White Colobus Monkeys, Antelope Species, Warthogs. Main Attractions in Arusha 1. Mount Meru As Tanzania’s second-highest peak, Mount Meru offers a challenging 4–5 day trek to its summit. The route begins at Momella Gate, passing through lush forests and offering panoramic views. Climbing Mount Meru provides an excellent acclimatisation opportunity for those planning to summit Mount Kilimanjaro. Ngurdoto Crater Often referred to as “Little Ngorongoro,” this volcanic crater features a swampy floor surrounded by forested slopes. It’s a haven for birdwatchers and offers picturesque views, especially from the crater’s rim. Momella Lakes The park boasts seven alkaline lakes: Big Momella, Small Momella, El Kekhotoito, Kusare, Rishateni, Lekandiro, and Tulusia. These lakes, formed from volcanic activity, exhibit varying hues due to their unique mineral composition. While animals don’t drink from these lakes, they are often seen grazing on their banks. Birdwatching is exceptional here, with flamingos and other species frequenting the area. Tululusia Waterfall Located on the northeastern slopes of Mount Meru, this 28-meter waterfall is accessible via a scenic hike from Momella Gate. The trail meanders through lush forests, offering opportunities to spot wildlife such as giraffes and buffalo. The waterfall provides a refreshing respite and is a highlight for many visitors. Fig Tree Arch A natural arch formed by a massive strangler fig tree. A unique spot where your vehicle can drive through the trees.Popular for photos and short walking stops. Walking Safaris One of the few Tanzanian parks where walking among wildlife is allowed. Walks are guided and safe, making them ideal for getting up close to giraffes, zebras, and warthogs. Great for families or nature lovers who want to experience the bush at a leisurely pace. Birdwatching With over 400 species, the park is a top birding destination in East Africa. Migratory and resident birds are found around lakes, forests, and open plains.Best from November to April. Activities in Arusha National Park 1. walking safari.  Unlike many other national parks in Tanzania, Arusha allows visitors to explore the park on foot with a trained ranger. This activity offers an intimate and immersive experience, allowing you to get close to animals such as giraffes, zebras, warthogs, and antelopes, and to appreciate the more minor details of the bush, including tracks, dung, and medicinal plants. Game drives ; These are conducted in 4×4 safari vehicles and take you through the park’s diverse landscapes, including savannah, rainforest, and volcanic craters. Wildlife is abundant in certain areas, and while the park doesn’t have large predators like lions, you can expect to see buffalo, waterbuck, baboons, and plenty of birdlife. Drives around the Ngurdoto Crater and the Momella Lakes are particularly scenic. Canoeing on Momella Lake This guided activity lets you glide across the calm alkaline waters, with flamingos and other waterbirds nearby, and wildlife grazing along the shoreline. It’s a serene and unique way to observe the park’s natural beauty from a different perspective. Climbing Mount Meru Tanzania’s second-highest peak is at 4,566 meters. The trek takes about four to five days and offers a challenging but rewarding hike through multiple ecological zones. Along the way, trekkers often spot wildlife and enjoy stunning views, especially from the summit, where Mount Kilimanjaro can be seen on clear mornings. Tululusia Waterfall A 28-meter cascade nestled in the lush forest. Reached by a short guided hike, the trail offers opportunities to see monkeys, bushbuck, and various bird species. It’s a great half-day activity that blends nature, relaxation, and light adventure. Birdwatching It is exceptional in Arusha National Park, with over 400 species recorded. From the flamingos of the Momella

Travel Guide to Nyerere National Park, Tanzania Nyerere National Park, formerly known as the Selous Game Reserve, ranks among Africa’s largest and most biodiverse protected areas. Situated in southern Tanzania, covering over 30,000 square kilometres, it offers an authentic and less crowded safari experience, ideal for explorers seeking pristine wilderness and a variety of safari activities. Named after Julius Nyerere, Tanzania’s founding father, the park is renowned for its sprawling landscapes, abundant wildlife, and river-based adventures. How to Get to Nyerere National Park By Air:Charter flights from Dar es Salaam (about 45 mins) or Ruaha (around 90 mins) land at Mtemere Airstrip inside the park. By Road:This involves a 6–7 hour drive from Dar es Salaam, passing through Morogoro. Road conditions can be bumpy, so plan accordingly. By Rail:The TAZARA Railway offers a scenic journey to Matabwe, followed by a short transfer to the park. Best Time to Visit Dry Season (June–October):Ideal for wildlife sightings as animals gather around water sources. Wet Season (November–March):Perfect for birdwatching and lush landscapes, though some roads may be impassable due to flooding. Wildlife Highlights Nyerere boasts a rich array of species, including four of the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant and buffalo). Notable residents include the endangered African wild dogs, hippos, crocodiles, giraffes, zebras, wildebeest, and over 400 bird species. The Rufiji River sustains much of this biodiversity. Main Attractions 1. Rufiji RiverThe park’s lifeblood supports aquatic life and wildlife concentrations during dry spells. Enjoy boat safaris for close-up encounters with hippos, crocodiles, elephants, and abundant birds. 2. Stiegler’s GorgeA spectacular canyon carved by the Rufiji River, known for its dramatic cliffs and scenic beauty. It’s a quieter, more contemplative spot, ideal for photography and river cruises. 3. Game DrivesExplore via open 4×4 vehicles, especially during dawn and dusk when animals are most active. The park’s expansive wilderness offers a sense of exclusive solitude. 4. Boat SafarisUnique to Nyerere, these journeys offer a distinct perspective for observing wildlife along rivers and lakes, particularly during the dry season. 5. Walking SafarisGuided by experienced rangers, these offer an intimate look at tracks, plants, insects, and smaller wildlife, deepening your connection with nature. 6. BirdwatchingWith over 440 bird species, Nyerere is a paradise for ornithologists. Wetlands attract waterbirds, while savannahs host raptors and songbirds, best during the rainy season. 7. Hot Springs (Maji Moto)Located in the northern part of the park, these geothermal springs offer tranquil spots for relaxation amidst the wilderness. 8. Remote Lodges & Fly-CampingExperience luxury or adventure with stays in secluded lodges or at fly camps—mobile tents deep in the bush for an authentic, stars-at-night experience. Suggested Activities Game drives Boat safaris (especially around the Rufiji River) Walking safaris Birdwatching Fishing safaris (catch-and-release, primarily along the Rufiji River) Fly-camping Photography safaris (perfect for capturing the park’s stunning landscapes and wildlife) Cultural visits (to nearby villages—optional and limited) Accommodation Options Inside the park, you can find camps and bandas that provide early access to wildlife and immersive wilderness experiences. Outside the park, lodges and hotels are available, often offering more budget-friendly options or being better suited for families, with easier access but less seclusion. Planning Your Safari Start by defining your interests—whether it’s seeing the Big Five, birdwatching, or enjoying remote wilderness experiences. Decide the best time to visit based on your preferences. Your next steps include selecting your preferred accommodation and creating a customised itinerary. Need help?At Kanuth Adventure Safari, our team can assist in selecting the best safari styles, optimal travel dates, and suitable accommodations to match your budget and desires. Ready to explore?Visit our website at www.kanuthadventures.com or contact us directly to begin planning your unforgettable Nyerere National Park safari!

Overview: A Jewel Between Two Nations Nestled on the remote eastern flank of Mount Kilimanjaro and straddling the mystical border between Tanzania and Kenya, Lake Chala is a destination that feels like a well-kept secret from the world. Far from the crowded safari trails and tourist hotspots, this serene crater lake invites travellers into a world of raw volcanic beauty, colour-changing waters, and timeless stillness. Formed over a quarter of a million years ago, Lake Chala rests in a caldera born of ancient volcanic eruptions. It is fed not by surface rivers but by hidden subterranean streams flowing from the melting glaciers of Kilimanjaro, making it both an ecological rarity and a spiritual marvel. The lake’s colours shift from turquoise to emerald to deep sapphire, a visual dance that captivates the soul and camera alike. At Lake Chala, silence is not emptiness, and it is presence. Here, one hears the soft rustle of wind in acacia trees, the splash of water as you kayak along mirror-still surfaces, and the melodic calls of birds echoing through the crater walls. This is a place for intimate nature experiences, for cultural connection, for peaceful solitude, and for adventure that gently stirs, not overwhelms. With Kanuth Adventure Safaris, your journey to Lake Chala is more than a day trip; it’s a carefully crafted escape into authenticity, guided by experts who understand the rhythm of nature and the heart of travel. Whether you’re seeking scenic hikes, lakeside serenity, cultural immersion, or quiet reflection, Lake Chala offers the kind of transformative experience that lingers long after the journey ends. Where Is Lake Chala? Lake Chala is located in the Kilimanjaro Region, approximately 55 kilometres southeast of Moshi, and lies directly on the border between Tanzania and Kenya. Though the lake itself spans both countries, the Tanzanian side offers the most accessible and visitor-friendly routes. The journey to Lake Chala from Moshi takes about 1.5 to 2 hours by vehicle. Along the way, you’ll pass through a changing landscape, from open Maasai grasslands and dry savannah to lush banana plantations and forested hills as you climb toward the crater. It’s a journey of scenic contrasts, often enriched with sightings of rural life and traditional village settings. What Makes Lake Chala Special? A Volcanic Crater Lake with a Mystical Aura Lake Chala is a caldera lake, formed by ancient volcanic activity. Its deep waters are fed not by rivers or rainfall, but by underground streams originating from Mount Kilimanjaro, giving the lake both mystery and ecological uniqueness. The colour of the lake changes throughout the day, from emerald green to sapphire blue, depending on the sun’s position and the weather. It’s as though the lake has moods of its own, making every moment feel fresh and magical. Off-the-Beaten-Path Tranquility Lake Chala is still a hidden gem, untouched by mass tourism. This makes it an excellent destination for travellers who value quiet, pristine natural spaces. You won’t find noisy crowds here—just birdsong, wind through the trees, and the lapping of water at the lake’s edge. Lakeside Activities Our Lake Chala experiences are designed to offer more than sightseeing, and they are immersive, mindful, and meaningful. Guided Crater Rim Hikes Explore the steep crater walls and walk along the rim with an experienced guide. These trails offer panoramic views of the lake, the surrounding bush, and even into Kenya. Along the way, your guide will share insights into the region’s geology, vegetation, and local wildlife. Hikes are suited to various fitness levels and can be customised in length and difficulty. Kayaking on the Lake Drift peacefully across the calm waters of Lake Chala in a stable, eco-friendly kayak. Kayaking allows you to experience the lake from its centre—quiet, still, and surrounded by towering crater walls. It’s ideal for peaceful reflection or taking stunning photos of the unique terrain. Swimming in Safe Waters Lake Chala is crocodile-free and bilharzia-free, making it one of the few natural lakes in the region where visitors can swim safely. Whether you’re taking a quick dip or floating peacefully, swimming in these volcanic waters is a rejuvenating experience. Birdwatching and Wildlife Observation A rich ecosystem surrounds Lake Chala. The forests and waters are home to: Vervet monkeys, Bushbucks, Monitor lizards and more than 200 species of birds, including African fish eagles, hornbills, kingfishers, sunbirds, and herons. With binoculars and a bit of patience, you’ll witness an abundance of wildlife, often just meters from your picnic spot.   Lakeside Picnic Lunch We organise gourmet-style picnics with local, fresh ingredients served in shaded lakeside spots. Enjoy a relaxing meal surrounded by nature’s best, with time to unwind, reflect, and absorb the beauty of your surroundings. Cultural Village Extensions (Optional) Enhance your visit with a short trip to nearby Chagga or Pare villages. Learn about traditional coffee farming, banana beer brewing, tribal customs, and even participate in food preparation or dance. These cultural insights add a human and historical layer to your Lake Chala journey. Best Time to Visit From June to October, the dry season prevails, making it an ideal time for hiking, kayaking, and wildlife viewing. The weather is cooler and the skies are clearer, offering excellent visibility for photography. December to February is also a beautiful time to visit, with the landscape warm and green after the short rains, featuring lush vegetation and vibrant birdlife. What to Bring To fully enjoy your day at Lake Chala, we recommend wearing comfortable hiking shoes and lightweight clothing, and bringing swimwear, sunscreen, a hat, sunglasses, a reusable water bottle, and a camera or binoculars. As the lake is located near the international border, it is advisable to carry some form of identification. Accommodation Options Lake Chala Safari Lodge An eco-lodge perched on the crater rim offering private cottages with balconies overlooking the lake. Meals are served in an open-air restaurant, and the lodge uses solar power and local materials to minimise environmental impact. Private Bush Camping For the adventurous, we can arrange private camping experiences near the lake.

Introduction to Mount Meru Mount Meru (4,566 m) is a striking stratovolcano that dominates the landscape of Arusha National Park in northern Tanzania. Often referred to as Mount Kilimanjaro’s “little brother”, Meru may be smaller in size, but it offers an equally rewarding climb—and in some ways, even more demanding. As Africa’s sixth-highest mountain and Tanzania’s second-highest peak, Mount Meru is known for its dramatic cliffs, lush forests, and sweeping views of Kilimanjaro from the summit. The trail to the top leads through varied ecosystems, with the chance to encounter wildlife such as giraffes, buffalo, warthogs, baboons, and more, something rarely experienced on Kilimanjaro. While not as tall, Mount Meru’s route is steeper and more technical, requiring good fitness and some trekking experience. It’s often used as a high-altitude acclimatisation trek before attempting Kilimanjaro. Still, it also stands proudly as a challenging adventure in its own right, especially for those seeking fewer crowds and a more intimate wilderness experience. Why Climb Mount Meru? A Wilderness Trek with Wildlife Encounters Unlike most mountain climbs, your adventure begins right in Arusha National Park, meaning you start your ascent walking past giraffes, warthogs, and colobus monkeys grazing or swinging freely through the forest. This isn’t just a climb, it’s a walking safari!  Scenic, Serene, and Spectacular Mount Meru’s landscapes shift dramatically with altitude. The trail winds through dense rainforests, passes through open glades with giant fig trees, and climbs onto a knife-edge volcanic ridge, offering 360° views of the crater, ash cone, and the Great Rift Valley. The sunrise summit views of Mount Kilimanjaro glowing in the distance are nothing short of breathtaking. Perfect Kilimanjaro Acclimatisation Climbing Mount Meru is not just an adventure; it’s a strategic acclimatisation trek for those planning to summit Kilimanjaro. The altitude gain, daily hiking hours, and trail style mirror Kili’s early stages, offering a great warm-up. Getting to Mount Meru Mount Meru is located in Arusha National Park, just a 45-minute drive from Arusha town in northern Tanzania. The closest airport is Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO), about 1–1.5 hours from Arusha, with international connections from Europe, the Middle East, and beyond. From Arusha, your operator will arrange transport to the Momella Gate, the starting point of the climb. Domestic flights also arrive at Arusha Airport (ARK) for those travelling within Tanzania. The Climbing Route: Momella Route Mount Meru is accessible only via the Momella Route, a four-day hike with hut accommodations. All treks require a park ranger escort due to the abundance of wildlife. Day 1: Momella Gate to Miriakamba Hut (1,500m to 2,514m) Your Mount Meru adventure starts at Momella Gate, the official entry point into Arusha National Park. This is where you register and meet your armed ranger, licensed mountain guide, and porters. The hike begins through lush savannah grasslands and lower montane forest, offering immediate wildlife sightings. It’s common to see giraffes, warthogs, buffalo, zebras, and bushbucks along the way. The trail meanders past scenic fig tree arches, waterfalls, and forest glades filled with birdsong and the calls of colobus monkeys. After approximately 4 to 6 hours of trekking, you arrive at Miriakamba Hut. This overnight rest point, situated at 2,514 meters, offers bunk-bed style lodging, solar lighting, toilets, and sweeping views of the Mount Meru crater below. Day 2: Miriakamba Hut to Saddle Hut (2,514m to 3,570m) On the second day, the trail climbs through dense upper montane forest, where the air grows cooler and the vegetation shifts to tree ferns, bamboo, and moss-covered branches. This stretch of the Momella Route is rich in birdlife, and you might catch glimpses of turacos, hornbills, and blue monkeys. Midway through the hike, you reach the scenic viewpoint of Mgongo wa Tembo, or Elephant Back Ridge, offering panoramic views across the Meru Crater and the distant plains. After a steady ascent of around 3 to 5 hours, you reach Saddle Hut, a peaceful alpine camp at 3,570 meters, nestled between Mount Meru’s summit and Little Meru. In the late afternoon, you have the option to hike to Little Meru (3,820m), a short but steep climb that provides stunning views of Mount Kilimanjaro to the east and is perfect for acclimatisation. This side trek helps prepare your body for the next day’s summit attempt. Day 3: Saddle Hut to Socialist Peak (4,566m) and back to Miriakamba Hut Summit day begins early, usually around 2:00 AM, as climbers leave Saddle Hut under the stars. The trail ascends steeply to Rhino Point (3,800m), then continues along a narrow volcanic crater ridge with jaw-dropping drop-offs. From here, the views of the Ash Cone inside the crater and the vast plains below begin to unfold. Climbers reach Cobra Point (4,350m) just before dawn. As the sky begins to lighten, the final push takes you to Socialist Peak, the summit of Mount Meru, at 4,566 meters. At sunrise, you’ll witness a surreal spectacle: Mount Kilimanjaro glowing on the horizon, the crater cliffs bathed in golden light, and the distant Great Rift Valley sprawling westward. After spending time at the summit, you begin your descent along the same route. You return first to Saddle Hut for a brief rest and hot breakfast, then continue your descent to Miriakamba Hut, where you will spend your final night on the mountain. Day 4: Miriakamba Hut to Momella Gate The final day is a relaxed descent from Miriakamba Hut back to Momella Gate. The trail winds through open forest, grassy meadows, and wooded glades, offering a last chance to spot wildlife and birds. Depending on the route taken, you may pass by waterfalls or take a shorter scenic path back to the park entrance. Upon reaching the gate, successful climbers receive a Mount Meru Summit Certificate, a proud memento of the incredible journey across this volcanic mountain, rich in both biodiversity and dramatic alpine scenery. Wildlife Encounters Along the Trail One of the most unique features of climbing Mount Meru is the immersive wildlife experience that begins the moment you set foot in Arusha National

Customising your safari holiday in Tanzania depends somewhat on the length of time you have. Safari in Tanzania is generally split into four regions, known as circuits. We have the most popular Northern Circuit, the up-and-coming Southern Circuit and the somewhat remoter Western Circuit – and let us not forget Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, which we include together as the fourth circuit. Our entire website, where appropriate, is organised into these four circuits. Staying for a few days in a Tanzanian City or only have a few days holiday? If you are stopping off in a Tanzanian city for a few days, you can efficiently plan or take short safari excursions from our suggested tours. Depending on which city you are staying in, you would then take excursions that are not too far away from there. For example, in Dar es Salaam, you would choose destinations in the southern circuit, e.g. Mikumi, Nyerere, Ruaha, Udzungwa, or Saadani National Parks. At a pinch, you could do a one-day safari to Mikumi, but it would be a rush; better two or even three days. Two or, better still, three days for Nyerere would work too. We can also arrange safaris in little-known destinations very close to Dar. Other southern circuit parks are Ruaha and the Udzungwa Mountains. If you are staying in Arusha, you can visit Arusha National Park, Lake Manyara, Tarangire, and Ngorongoro Crater in one day; however, two days would be better for Tarangire. In three days (or better still, four days including a chill out day) from Arusha, you could combine Tarangire N.P., Lake Manyara N.P. and Ngorongoro Crater. But with a few more days, you can add the wonderful Serengeti N.P. That would be the most popular destinations in the Northern Circuit, but there are more! Perhaps from Dodoma, you would choose the Western circuit, and in three to five days, you could visit the Gombe Stream National Park. But the Kitulo N.P. and Rubondo Island N.P. in Lake Victoria, which can just as easily be reached from Arusha, will need one or two days more. Have a week or two (or more) in Tanzania? Here you can afford (depending on budget) to choose from any of the safari circuits, or even decide to do more than one. However, for your comfort and to give you time to relax and get to know the area, sticking to one of the three primary safari circuits is perhaps the best option. All of those places mentioned in the top paragraph are at your disposal. With that bit of extra time, you can combine game drives with tribal visits, walking or canoeing safaris and even a trek in the mountains. Tanzania is your Oyster when you bring a little time with you! So talk to Kanuth, tell him how long you have, what your primary targets are (animals, tribes, places) and what your budget is (from backpacking through mid-range and luxury, or a mixture), and together you can plan an incredible safari in Tanzania. When combining the ranges of accommodation to suit your budget, lots of people find mid-range a good choice, especially for the first and last night, because you will have better (and private) bathing opportunities and a comfortable bed. Thus, you start and end your holiday refreshed. During the week(s), you might want to experience the real African bush in a public campsite or a backpacker lodge – you will meet lots of different people and nationalities and keep the budget down. Alternatively, Kanuth Adventure Safaris has connections to many luxury lodges. Please speak with our destination expert, Mr. Kanuth, now at 255 754 967 544 on WhatsApp, or send him an email to arrange a Skype session (or a similar alternative).

Introduction: Lake Eyasi is a shallow, seasonal lake situated in northern Tanzania’s Great Rift Valley, renowned for its stunning landscapes, diverse wildlife, and rich cultural heritage of local tribes. It is a vital part of the Great Rift Valley, contributing to the region’s geological and ecological diversity and offering a unique glimpse into the Earth’s natural history. Lake Eyasi’s unique features include its seasonal water levels, vibrant birdlife, and stunning desert-like landscapes. It is also home to the Hadza people, one of the last remaining hunter-gatherer tribes, making it a culturally rich and authentic travel destination for adventurers and eco-tourists alike. Geography and Environment: Lake Eyasi is located in northern Tanzania, southwest of the Serengeti and bordered by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Covering approximately 330 square kilometres, it is a shallow, seasonal lake whose size varies with rainfall. Ecologically, the lake sits within a semi-arid environment characterised by dry plains, sparse vegetation, and acacia trees. Its ecological setting supports a rich variety of birdlife and wildlife, including flamingos, herons, and migratory birds, creating a unique habitat that combines desert-like landscapes with essential biodiversity hotspots. Cultural Significance: The region around Lake Eyasi is home to fascinating and diverse tribes, most notably the Hadza hunter-gatherers and the Datoga pastoralists. The Hadza are one of the last remaining indigenous hunter-gatherer communities in Africa. They live a traditional lifestyle, relying on hunting, foraging, and gathering wild foods from the surrounding landscape. Their deep connection to the land and unique customs offer visitors a rare opportunity to learn about ancient ways of life that have persisted for thousands of years. The Datoga are pastoralists renowned for their expertise in cattle herding and metalworking. They maintain a vibrant cultural heritage, practising traditional ceremonies, crafts, and jewellery making. Their presence adds a colourful and artistic dimension to the region, providing insight into herding lifestyles and local customs. Together, these tribes enrich Lake Eyasi’s cultural tapestry, offering travellers authentic experiences and a chance to learn about their traditional practices and ways of life that have remained essentially unchanged for generations. Activities and Attractions: Birdwatching and wildlife viewing opportunities. Guided tours of the Hadza camps. Visiting local markets and learning about traditional crafts. Possible adventure activities like walking safaris or hiking. Conservation and Challenges: Environmental concerns at Lake Eyasi include fluctuating water levels due to seasonal changes and climate variability, which can impact local ecosystems and the livelihoods of surrounding communities. Overextraction of water resources and human activities such as farming and livestock grazing also pose threats to the habitat’s health. Additionally, habitat degradation and pollution may impact bird populations and wildlife that rely on the lake. Efforts are underway by local communities, conservation organisations, and government agencies to promote sustainable practices, protect vital ecosystems, and raise awareness about the importance of habitat preservation. Promoting eco-friendly tourism and responsible resource management is crucial to ensuring Lake Eyasi’s natural beauty and biodiversity are preserved for future generations. Travel Tips: Best time to visit: The best times to visit Lake Eyasi are during the dry seasons, from June to October and from December to February. During these months, the weather is generally sunny and less humid, making it ideal for wildlife viewing, cultural tours, and outdoor activities. The dry season also reduces water levels, attracting more birds and animals to the accessible lakeshore. Visiting during these periods ensures a more comfortable experience and better opportunities to observe the region’s unique wildlife and cultural traditions. How to get there: To reach Lake Eyasi, the nearest major airport is Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO), located about 250 km southeast of the lake. From there, travellers can arrange guided tours or hire a private vehicle to transfer to Lake Eyasi, which typically takes around 4 to 6 hours by road. Alternatively, travellers can fly into Arusha Airport, then continue by road, which takes approximately 3 to 4 hours. Some visitors also choose to fly into the more distant Dar es Salaam Airport or Nairobi’s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and then take a domestic flight or overland transfer to northern Tanzania. Once in the region, local roads and dirt tracks provide access to Lake Eyasi, and guided tours often include transportation from major cities like Arusha or Moshi for a convenient and smooth journey. Accommodation suggestions: For accommodation near Lake Eyasi, options range from eco-lodges to camping sites, catering to different preferences and budgets: Eco-lodges: Comfortable lodges and tented camps offer a blend of natural immersion and modern amenities. Many eco-lodges focus on sustainable practices and provide guided tours, cultural experiences, and scenic views of the surrounding landscapes. Camping: For a more adventurous experience, designated camping sites or mobile tents allow visitors to sleep under the stars. This option is ideal for nature lovers seeking an authentic, immersive experience close to wildlife and local communities. Some popular options include local eco-lodges run by community cooperatives, which support sustainable tourism and benefit the local tribes. It’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak travel seasons, to ensure availability and the best experience. Tour Operator Recommendation Visiting Lake Eyasi offers a truly unique experience that combines breathtaking landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural immersion. Travellers have the opportunity to witness stunning wildlife and birdlife in a pristine, semi-arid environment while exploring the ancient traditions of the Hadza hunter-gatherers and Datoga pastoralists. The lake’s seasonal beauty, peaceful surroundings, and vibrant local cultures create an authentic, off-the-beaten-path adventure that immerses visitors in Tanzania’s natural and cultural heritage. It’s a destination that promises unforgettable memories and a deeper understanding of nature and indigenous traditions. For travellers looking to explore Lake Eyasi with ease and at a great value, Kanuth Adventure Safari is a recommended tour operator. We offer customizable safari packages, assist with accommodations ranging from eco-lodges to camping, and provide guided tours to make your experience seamless and memorable. Booking through Kanuth Adventure Safari can help you find better prices and ensure a well-organised trip tailored to your preferences.

Overview Tanzania is a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting over 1,100 bird species across a mosaic of landscapes from misty mountain forests and sunlit savannahs to lush wetlands and island shores. Whether spotting flamingos in soda lakes or listening for the rare Usambara akalat in mountain thickets, the country offers an unforgettable avian adventure. With resident and migratory birds, including more than 30 endemic species, Tanzania is one of Africa’s finest birding safari destinations. This guide explores the top birding hotspots, the best times to visit, practical tips, and what to pack for your bird watching journey. Where to Go for Tanzania Birding Safaris Serengeti National Park Serengeti National Park is celebrated for the Great Migration and large predators, yet its vast ecosystem makes it a phenomenal destination for birding. The park supports over 500 bird species, thanks to its diverse environments, including open grasslands, wooded savannahs, and riverine forests. Among the iconic birds found here are the Kori bustard, Secretary bird, and various species of vultures and raptors that dominate the skies. During the wet season from November to April, the Serengeti welcomes an influx of migratory birds, with colourful bee-eaters, swallows, and warblers adding to the vibrant birdlife. Birding is most rewarding early in the morning or late in the afternoon when many species are active and easily visible. Lake Manyara National Park Nestled at the Rift Valley escarpment base, Lake Manyara National Park is a compact yet remarkably diverse birding destination. The shallow alkaline lake is a seasonal home to thousands of flamingos, pelicans, spoonbills, and storks; the groundwater forest harbours hornbills, turacos, and the elusive crowned eagle. The park’s habitats support over 400 bird species, making it an ideal spot for waterbirds and forest dwellers. The wet season enhances birding opportunities, with breeding activity and an influx of migratory species. Arusha National Park Located just a short drive from Arusha town, Arusha National Park offers varied birding environments, including alpine meadows, montane forests, and freshwater lakes. The park is a stronghold for species like the Hartlaub’s turaco, Bar-tailed trogon, and Black and white casqued hornbill. Lake Momella attracts waterbirds, including Egyptian geese, herons, and flamingos. Arusha is ideal for short birding trips and is especially rewarding for those seeking forest species often missed in the drier parks. Tarangire National Park Tarangire National Park is renowned for its large elephant herds and offers superb birding opportunities. The park’s varied landscapes, including savannahs, swamps, and acacia woodlands, provide habitat for over 550 bird species. Key species include the Ostrich, Yellow-collared lovebird, and the rare and elusive Ashy starling. During the wet season, Tarangire’s swamps attract a variety of waterfowl and waders, such as the Lesser flamingo and the Great white pelican. The park’s birdlife is incredibly vibrant in the early morning and late afternoon, making these times ideal for birdwatching. Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ngorongoro is not only a geological wonder but also a superb birding region. The highland forests along the crater rim support montane species such as the Golden-winged sunbird and Tacazze sunbird, while the crater floor attracts waterbirds to its lakes and marshes. Crowned cranes, Augur buzzards, and Verreaux’s eagles are among the striking species regularly seen. Birding in Ngorongoro is enhanced by its scenic backdrop and the opportunity to combine birdwatching with big game viewing. Usambara Mountains The Usambara Mountains, part of the ancient Eastern Arc range, are among the most critical areas for endemic and forest birds in East Africa. These lush, mist-covered mountains are home to species found nowhere else, such as the Usambara weaver, Usambara akalat, and Banded green sunbird. The forests echo with the calls of rare species and offer a serene and intimate birding experience. Birding here is best done on guided walks with local specialists who can identify subtle calls and elusive birds hidden in the canopy. Lake Victoria Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest freshwater lake, offers rich birding experiences along its shores and islands. The lake’s ecosystems, including papyrus swamps, rocky islets, and sandy beaches, attract a wealth of waterbirds and wetland species. Birders can expect species like the Papyrus gonolek, Goliath heron, African openbill, and various kingfishers and cormorants. The lake’s quiet bays and nearby wetlands make it a peaceful birding destination, ideal for combining boat trips with shore walks. Rubondo Island and the Musoma shoreline are particularly productive spots for birdwatching around Lake Victoria. Nyerere National Park (formerly Selous Game Reserve) Nyerere National Park is Africa’s second-largest protected area and a treasure trove for birdwatchers. With its diverse habitats, rivers, lakes, miombo woodlands, and wetlands, the park supports over 440 recorded bird species. Common sightings include the Böhm’s bee-eater, White-fronted bee-eater, African spoonbill, Pel’s fishing owl, Pink-backed pelican, African skimmer, and Yellow-billed stork. The Rufiji River system is particularly productive for birding by boat, especially early in the morning or late in the day. Ruaha National Park Ruaha is Tanzania’s second-largest national park and arguably one of the top birding destinations in East Africa. Over 570 bird species have been recorded here, making it a must-visit for enthusiasts. The mix of miombo woodland and open savannah supports various species, from the spectacular Purple-crested turaco to the rare Eleanora’s falcon. Specialities of Ruaha include the Crested barbet, Ashy starling, Tanzanian red-billed hornbill, and Ruaha chat, some of which are near-endemics or restricted to south-central Tanzania. Udzungwa Mountains National Park Part of the Eastern Arc range, the Udzungwa Mountains are a hotspot of endemism and a dream for forest birders. This area harbours species found nowhere else in the world. Birders can seek out the Udzungwa forest partridge (one of the rarest birds in Africa), Rufous-winged sunbird, Dapple-throat, and Banded green sunbird. The forests are rich but require some hiking, making it ideal for more adventurous and fit birders looking for rare finds. Sought-After Bird Species in Tanzania Tanzania is a dream destination for birdwatchers because of its species diversity and several rare, endemic, and highly sought-after birds. The country offers thrilling opportunities to spot iconic and elusive species from

Cultural Experiences Tanzania’s cultural tours offer deeply enriching encounters with over 120 ethnic communities, each with its own language, customs, crafts, and way of life. From the iconic Maasai warriors of the savannah to the Swahili traders of the Indian Ocean coast, every region holds a story that reflects centuries of resilience, tradition, and identity. Cultural tourism in Tanzania is not only about observing, it’s about engaging. These experiences promote authentic connections, support local livelihoods, and play a crucial role in preserving intangible heritage. Visitors are invited to take part in a wide array of daily life activities including: Traditional dances and music that tell stories of ancestry and spirituality Farming and food preparation using indigenous methods and crops Bushcraft and hunting techniques from ancient hunter-gatherer societies Craft making, from intricate beadwork and weaving to wood carving and pottery Local cuisine experiences, such as tasting banana beer or grinding coffee by hand Storytelling and oral history, passed down across generations Each cultural tour provides not just a memory, but a transformative exchange. Through respectful interactions, travelers gain insight into Tanzania’s social fabric—experiencing not just where people live, but how they live, why they celebrate, and what they value. Popular Destinations for Cultural Tours in Tanzania Maasai Bomas and Villages – Ngorongoro & Monduli A visit to the Maasai communities near Ngorongoro and Monduli offers an up-close look at one of East Africa’s most celebrated cultures. Guests are welcomed into traditional Maasai bomas, circular homesteads made from mud and thatch, and learn about their semi-nomadic lifestyle around cattle herding. Visitors observe warrior dances, traditional songs, and the famous jumping competition. Tours include explanations of their attire, beadwork, and the significance of age-group rituals. Maasai guides often share knowledge of indigenous herbs and traditional healing practices, providing a window into their spiritual world. Lake Eyasi – Hadzabe and Datoga Tribes The cultural experience at Lake Eyasi introduces travellers to the Hadzabe, Tanzania’s last remaining hunter-gatherers, and the Datoga, traditional blacksmiths. Early morning excursions allow visitors to participate in hunting trips with the Hadzabe, using bows and arrows made on-site. Their bush survival techniques, language based on clicks, and simple shelters reflect a way of life unchanged for thousands of years. Nearby, the Datoga people demonstrate their metalworking skills, creating tools and jewellery through ancient forging techniques. The region’s serene lakeside and forested surroundings enhance the immersive cultural journey. Mto wa Mbu – A Cultural Crossroads of 120+ Tribes Mto wa Mbu is a vibrant and unique village where over 120 tribes across Tanzania coexist peacefully. Cultural tours here offer a multicultural experience, where guests explore banana plantations, rice fields, and bustling markets. Visitors can see traditional irrigation systems developed by local farmers, sample banana beer brewed in clay pots, and learn how such a diverse community thrives together. Walking or cycling through the village reveals daily life, from food preparation and storytelling to woodworking and art-making. Arusha Region – Ng’iresi and Mulala Villages Just outside Arusha town, the Ng’iresi and Mulala villages offer immersive tours led by the Waarusha and Wameru tribes. In Ng’iresi, visitors are introduced to sustainable farming techniques used on the slopes of Mount Meru and learn about traditional homesteads and healing plants. In Mulala, the Agape Women’s Group welcomes guests into their homes for cheese-making demonstrations, coffee roasting, and the preparation of local dishes. The surrounding hills provide scenic walks with stunning views of the Arusha landscape, blending cultural discovery with natural beauty. Marangu Village – Chagga Culture at Kilimanjaro’s Base Situated on the lush foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro, Marangu Village offers deep cultural insight into the lives of the Chagga people. Tours include visits to traditional Chagga homes, underground caves once used for protection during tribal conflicts, and ancient irrigation systems still in use today. Guests can interact with local blacksmiths, sample home-brewed banana beer, and enjoy performances of traditional songs and dances. A short hike to the Kinukamori Waterfall and a warm Chagga lunch round out this engaging cultural and nature experience.  Historical Landmarks and Sites Tanzania’s history is as deep as its landscapes are vast. From Stone Age discoveries to Swahili trading empires, German and British colonial rule, and spiritual cave sites, these landmarks reveal the nation’s complex and fascinating past. Stone Town, Zanzibar – UNESCO World Heritage Site Stone Town is the historical heart of Zanzibar City and one of the most culturally significant urban centres in East Africa. This UNESCO World Heritage Site showcases a blend of Arab, Persian, Indian, and European architectural styles, reflecting centuries of trade and cultural exchange across the Indian Ocean. Wandering through its maze-like alleyways, visitors encounter ornate wooden doors, sultan’s palaces, spice markets, ancient mosques, and colonial-era churches. Key sites include the Old Fort, House of Wonders (Beit al-Ajaib), and the Anglican Cathedral, built on the site of a former slave market. The Old Dispensary and Tipu Tip’s House tell stories of Zanzibar’s prominent figures and the Arab slave trade. Cultural experiences include Swahili music (Taarab), traditional dhow boat sailing, and local cuisine infused with clove, cardamom, and cinnamon—remnants of Zanzibar’s spice legacy. Bagamoyo – Slave Trade & Mission History Bagamoyo, meaning “Lay Down Your Heart”, is one of Tanzania’s oldest towns and a former key port for enslaved persons and ivory caravans from the interior to the coast. It was the last stop for many enslaved people before crossing the ocean to Zanzibar and beyond. The town holds deep historical significance with attractions such as the Old German Fort (Boma), the Catholic Mission Museum (which once hosted explorer David Livingstone’s body before burial), and the Kaole Ruins, an ancient Swahili settlement dating back to the 13th century. Visitors walk along historic streets once travelled by missionaries, traders, explorers, and colonial administrators. Today, Bagamoyo is also a centre for Swahili culture and art, home to the Bagamoyo College of Arts, where traditional drumming, dancing, and carving thrive. Kilwa Kisiwani & Songo Mnara – Medieval Swahili Ports (UNESCO World Heritage Sites) Located off the southern coast of

Welcome to God’s Garden – Kitulo National Park A wilderness worth exploring! The montane grassland and the Kitulo Plateau make this area a stunning place to visit. The lovely view of the plains with some flowers which are the most beautiful creations of the ALMIGHTY, created to spread smiles to mankind through their sweet smell and attractive appearance, including the birds, makes this place stay in someone’s heart forever. Vast rolling plains and grassland, butterflies, birds, plants and incredible views will also make your stay unforgettable. The meagre natural life in the park comprises the hypnotising plants, delightful birds and beautiful butterflies. Brief History of the Park The park’s history goes back to 1870, when Frederick Elton, an explorer, visited the area. In the 1960s, a large area was taken by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation for the Wheat and Sheep Schemes. Since neither wheat nor sheep thrived in the region, in 1972 the area was turned into a dairy farm, which remains active. As a result of concerns from conservation bodies and various stakeholders, part of the farm, Livingstone and Nhumbe Forest Reserves, was declared Kitulo National Park on 16th September 2005 by government notice 279. Kitulo covers an area of 465.9 sq km and is a botanist’s fantasy with more than 350 types of vascular plants, including 45 terrestrial orchids. Local people allude to “Bustani ya Mungu”, which signifies “God’s garden” in Swahili. Best Time to Visit Kitulo National Park Wildflower Season (December to April) The wet season from December to April is ideal if you’re drawn to vibrant floral displays. During this period, the park, often called the “Serengeti of Flowers,” bursts into colour with over 350 plant species, including more than 45 varieties of orchids, blooming across its montane grasslands. This season also attracts migratory birds, making it a prime time for birdwatching. However, be prepared for cooler temperatures, ranging from 7°C to 18°C, and occasional rainfall, which can make some trails challenging to navigate. Dry Season (May to October) For those interested in hiking and wildlife viewing, the dry season from May to October offers clear skies and temperate weather. This period is ideal for exploring the park’s trails and observing animals congregating around water sources. However, note that from May to August, the park’s mountains and plains are often shrouded in mist and cloud, reducing visibility. How to get there The park can be accessed from Mbeya town, about 110 Km away via Chimala road and 70 Km via Isyonje road. It is about 90 Km from Songwe Airport. The park can only be reached by road. By Air: Through Songwe Airport, 90 km via Isyonje and 125 km via Chimala, a small town to Kitulo. By Road: Mbeya city-Isyonje- Kitulo is 70 kms: Mbeya city-Chimala-Kitulo is 103 kms: Njombe town-Ikonda-makete-Kitulo is 165 kms. By Railway: Through railway transport Tanzania-Zambia (TAZARA), Iyunga and Makambako stations. Songwe Airport is an airport in the southern highlands region of Tanzania serving the city of Mbeya and the nearby areas. It can accommodate commercial jet traffic. Air Tanzania, Precision Air, and Tropical Air provide domestic flight services.  Best Attractions in Kitulo National Park Kitulo Plateau The plateau is characterised by three main vegetation types, including: well-drained grassland on volcanic soils with species like Aster transaniesis, Kniphofia Grantii and others, seasonally or permanently in undated bogs with species such as Lobelia and Gladiolus. Rocky ridges and associated talus slopes on soil are also derived from metamorphic rocks with species like Moraea callista and Romulea companuloides. Flowers Flowers The park is one of the incredible flower gardens of the world, with over 40 species of ground orchids alone. Flowers come out in their thousands, making an unparalleled carpet of colour, especially from late November to April. Physical Features and Vegetation Kitulo National Park is floristically rich with at least 350 species of vascular plants documented so far from the plateau. Kitulo highlands appear to be significant geographical grounds for species typical of the Eastern and Southern Africa region. They are extremely rich in endemic and rare species that are not protected elsewhere in Tanzania. Mount Livingstone Forest Some of the tree species in the forest are Hagenia abyssinica, Ocotea usambarensis, Juniperus procera, and Khaya anthoceca. The forest is also characterised by mountain Bamboo (Sinarundinaria alpina). Kitulo is rich in flora species with 350 species of high plants recorded, including 45 species of terrestrial Orchids, of which 31 species are endemic to Tanzania, 16 are endemic to Kitulo and Poroto Mountain, and at least three species are endemic to Kitulo National Park. Two species are only known to be in Kitulo and the adjoining forest. The abundance of plants in the wet season has been described as the greatest flora marvel of the World. Nhumbe Valley This is often referred to as the jewel of the Park, where small streams emerge from the grassy hill sides, sometimes cascading down in little waterfalls, thus forming the headwater for the Nhumbe River, one of the main tributaries of the Great Ruaha River. A Juniper forest occupies the gap of the valley, one of the most extensive in East Africa. They tower to 50 m high and are the tallest junipers in the world. Nhumbe Waterfall Its height is approximately 100 meters. The waterfall is 20 km from Mwakipembo main gate and takes one hour to walk down the waterfall and up to the picnic site. You can cool your body there and take brilliant photos.  Mwakipembo Waterfall It is located along the road to Nhumbe valley, 4 km from Mwakipembo main gate, and its height is 8 meters. Orchid, everlasting, Erica, and Clematis uhehensis characterise the area. Kitulo National Park Wildlife Africa’s first new monkey species for over 20 years has been discovered in remote mountains in southern Tanzania. (Rungwecebus Kipunji), This long-forested primate was first discovered by a conservation biologist from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) on the 2961 m (10,000 ft) Mt. Rungwe and Kitulo National Park flanks.