Overview
Tanzania is a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting over 1,100 bird species across a mosaic of landscapes from misty mountain forests and sunlit savannahs to lush wetlands and island shores. Whether spotting flamingos in soda lakes or listening for the rare Usambara akalat in mountain thickets, the country offers an unforgettable avian adventure. With resident and migratory birds, including more than 30 endemic species, Tanzania is one of Africa’s finest birding safari destinations. This guide explores the top birding hotspots, the best times to visit, practical tips, and what to pack for your bird watching journey.
Where to Go for Tanzania Birding Safaris
Serengeti National Park
Serengeti National Park is celebrated for the Great Migration and large predators, yet its vast ecosystem makes it a phenomenal destination for birding. The park supports over 500 bird species, thanks to its diverse environments, including open grasslands, wooded savannahs, and riverine forests. Among the iconic birds found here are the Kori bustard, Secretary bird, and various species of vultures and raptors that dominate the skies. During the wet season from November to April, the Serengeti welcomes an influx of migratory birds, with colourful bee-eaters, swallows, and warblers adding to the vibrant birdlife. Birding is most rewarding early in the morning or late in the afternoon when many species are active and easily visible.
Lake Manyara National Park
Nestled at the Rift Valley escarpment base, Lake Manyara National Park is a compact yet remarkably diverse birding destination. The shallow alkaline lake is a seasonal home to thousands of flamingos, pelicans, spoonbills, and storks; the groundwater forest harbours hornbills, turacos, and the elusive crowned eagle. The park’s habitats support over 400 bird species, making it an ideal spot for waterbirds and forest dwellers. The wet season enhances birding opportunities, with breeding activity and an influx of migratory species.
Arusha National Park
Located just a short drive from Arusha town, Arusha National Park offers varied birding environments, including alpine meadows, montane forests, and freshwater lakes. The park is a stronghold for species like the Hartlaub’s turaco, Bar-tailed trogon, and Black and white casqued hornbill. Lake Momella attracts waterbirds, including Egyptian geese, herons, and flamingos. Arusha is ideal for short birding trips and is especially rewarding for those seeking forest species often missed in the drier parks.
Tarangire National Park
Tarangire National Park is renowned for its large elephant herds and offers superb birding opportunities. The park’s varied landscapes, including savannahs, swamps, and acacia woodlands, provide habitat for over 550 bird species. Key species include the Ostrich, Yellow-collared lovebird, and the rare and elusive Ashy starling. During the wet season, Tarangire’s swamps attract a variety of waterfowl and waders, such as the Lesser flamingo and the Great white pelican. The park’s birdlife is incredibly vibrant in the early morning and late afternoon, making these times ideal for birdwatching.
Ngorongoro Conservation Area
Ngorongoro is not only a geological wonder but also a superb birding region. The highland forests along the crater rim support montane species such as the Golden-winged sunbird and Tacazze sunbird, while the crater floor attracts waterbirds to its lakes and marshes. Crowned cranes, Augur buzzards, and Verreaux’s eagles are among the striking species regularly seen. Birding in Ngorongoro is enhanced by its scenic backdrop and the opportunity to combine birdwatching with big game viewing.
Usambara Mountains
The Usambara Mountains, part of the ancient Eastern Arc range, are among the most critical areas for endemic and forest birds in East Africa. These lush, mist-covered mountains are home to species found nowhere else, such as the Usambara weaver, Usambara akalat, and Banded green sunbird. The forests echo with the calls of rare species and offer a serene and intimate birding experience. Birding here is best done on guided walks with local specialists who can identify subtle calls and elusive birds hidden in the canopy.
Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest freshwater lake, offers rich birding experiences along its shores and islands. The lake’s ecosystems, including papyrus swamps, rocky islets, and sandy beaches, attract a wealth of waterbirds and wetland species. Birders can expect species like the Papyrus gonolek, Goliath heron, African openbill, and various kingfishers and cormorants. The lake’s quiet bays and nearby wetlands make it a peaceful birding destination, ideal for combining boat trips with shore walks. Rubondo Island and the Musoma shoreline are particularly productive spots for birdwatching around Lake Victoria.
Nyerere National Park (formerly Selous Game Reserve)
Nyerere National Park is Africa’s second-largest protected area and a treasure trove for birdwatchers. With its diverse habitats, rivers, lakes, miombo woodlands, and wetlands, the park supports over 440 recorded bird species. Common sightings include the Böhm’s bee-eater, White-fronted bee-eater, African spoonbill, Pel’s fishing owl, Pink-backed pelican, African skimmer, and Yellow-billed stork. The Rufiji River system is particularly productive for birding by boat, especially early in the morning or late in the day.
Ruaha National Park
Ruaha is Tanzania’s second-largest national park and arguably one of the top birding destinations in East Africa. Over 570 bird species have been recorded here, making it a must-visit for enthusiasts. The mix of miombo woodland and open savannah supports various species, from the spectacular Purple-crested turaco to the rare Eleanora’s falcon. Specialities of Ruaha include the Crested barbet, Ashy starling, Tanzanian red-billed hornbill, and Ruaha chat, some of which are near-endemics or restricted to south-central Tanzania.
Udzungwa Mountains National Park
Part of the Eastern Arc range, the Udzungwa Mountains are a hotspot of endemism and a dream for forest birders. This area harbours species found nowhere else in the world. Birders can seek out the Udzungwa forest partridge (one of the rarest birds in Africa), Rufous-winged sunbird, Dapple-throat, and Banded green sunbird. The forests are rich but require some hiking, making it ideal for more adventurous and fit birders looking for rare finds.
Sought-After Bird Species in Tanzania
Tanzania is a dream destination for birdwatchers because of its species diversity and several rare, endemic, and highly sought-after birds. The country offers thrilling opportunities to spot iconic and elusive species from the open savannahs to secluded swamps.
One of the most unique birds to look for is the Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex), a prehistoric-looking bird named for its massive shoe-shaped bill. Though extremely rare and difficult to find, the Shoebill occasionally appears in remote wetlands in western Tanzania. Moyowosi Game Reserve is considered the most promising location, with its vast swamp systems providing an ideal habitat for this elusive bird.
Importantly, Rubondo Island National Park, located on the southern shores of Lake Victoria, is gaining attention for occasional Shoebill reports in its papyrus-lined shores and secluded wetland areas. The island is a sanctuary for fish eagles and giant kingfishers and offers a unique setting where you can encounter the Shoebill. Additionally, the Ugalla River Game Reserve, in the western floodplains of Tanzania, is emerging as another site where this rare bird has been recorded. Though remote and logistically challenging, it adds to the thrill of Shoebill tracking in the country.
In the savannahs of the Serengeti and Tarangire, the Secretary Bird stands out with its crane-like body and eagle-like head. Known for its dramatic snake-stomping technique, it is both graceful and formidable. Nearby, you might also catch sight of the Kori Bustard, Africa’s heaviest flying bird, often seen striding slowly through the open plains.
Wetland habitats are home to the elegant Grey Crowned Crane, its golden crest and courtship dances, and thousands of Lesser Flamingos gracing the alkaline lakes of Manyara and Natron. Around Lake Victoria and swampy regions, birders seek out the brilliantly colored Papyrus Gonolek, a skulking species that rewards patience with its vivid red and black plumage.
In Tanzania’s highland and forested areas, especially the Eastern Arc Mountains, the Bar-tailed Trogon and Hartlaub’s Turaco are prized sightings, each with shimmering feathers that flash through the misty canopy. The Usambara Mountains, in particular, are a hotspot for endemics such as the Usambara Akalat, Usambara Weaver, and Banded Green Sunbird—species found nowhere else on earth.
Spotting these birds offers more than just a checklist tick; it connects travellers with the richness of Tanzania’s diverse habitats. Whether you’re a seasoned birder chasing lifers or a curious traveller intrigued by nature’s marvels, these remarkable species ensure your birding safari is both challenging and unforgettable.
Best Time to Come Birding in Tanzania
Birding is possible year-round in Tanzania, but the most productive season is from November to April, when migratory birds from Europe and northern Africa arrive and resident species are in breeding plumage. This period provides excellent opportunities for photographers and serious birders alike.
From June to October, the dry season is ideal for general wildlife safaris and still offers good birding, though some migratory species will be absent.
Essential Packing Lists for Birding Safaris
- Quality binoculars
- Field guidebook or mobile birding app
- A camera with a zoom lens for bird photography
- Wide-brim hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen
- Neutral-colored clothing for blending into the environment
- Comfortable walking shoes or boots
- Reusable water bottle
- Insect repellent
- A rain jacket (especially for forest areas or rainy seasons)
- Notebook and pen for sighting records
Why Book Your Birding Safari with Kanuth Adventure Safaris
At Kanuth Adventure Safaris, we offer tailored birding experiences designed around your interests and skill level. Our local guides are passionate birders with in-depth knowledge of Tanzania’s avifauna and hidden hotspots. Whether you seek forest endemics, waterbirds, or a mix of general wildlife and birding, we ensure an unforgettable journey through some of Africa’s most breathtaking landscapes. Join us and discover Tanzania through the eyes and wings of its incredible birds.
